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Industrial Protocol Stack Explained: Where Modbus TCP, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, OPC UA, and MQTT Actually Fit
Modbus TCP, PROFINET, EtherNet/IP, OPC UA, and MQTT do not all serve the same purpose. Some are used for controller-to-device communication, some for structured interoperability, and some for lightweight event-based data transport. Good automation ...
PLC Scan Time vs Real Machine Response: A Practical Guide to Determinism, Task Scheduling, and Control Latency
PLC scan time is only one part of real machine response. Actual response depends on the full control path, including sensor reaction, input filtering, I/O update timing, PLC task scheduling, output refresh, and actuator movement. A machine can still ...